Materials.

1. Open the Material Editor or press M-key.
   
2. Select a sample slot .
   Sample slots displays previews of materials. To increase the number of sample slots visible at once, right-click a slot and then choose n X m Sample Windows from the pop-up menu.
   An active slot has a white outline.
   A sample slot will have small triangles in their corners when it represent a material that has been applied to an object in the scene.
   A sample slot will have small white triangles in their corners when it represent a material that has been applied to an object in the scene and the object is currently selected.
   
3. Enter a descriptive name in the box for the material you are about to design.
   
4. The 'Standard' button next to the box indicates that the Standard material type is being used. If you want to change this, press this button and the Material/Map Browser is displayed.
   

   Material type	Description
   Advanced Lighting Override	Used to fine-tune the effects of a material on Advanced Lighting, including light tracing and radiosity solutions. Radiosity Override is not required for calculating advanced lighting, but it can enhance the result.
   Architectural	Architectural material are physical properties, so it provides the greatest possible realism when used with photometric lights and radiosity.
   Blend	Mixes two other materials together. Can use a mask or a simple amount control.
   Composite	Mixes up to 10 materials.
   Double Sided	Contains two materials, one for the front and one for the back faces of an object.
   Ink 'n Paint	Creates cartoon effects with flat shading and 'inked' borders.
   Lightscape Mtl	Supports import and export of data from the Lightscape product.
   Matte/Shadow	Displays the environment but receives shadows. This is a special-purpose material. The effect is similar to using a matte in filmmaking.
   Morpher	Lets you morph between materials using the Morpher modifier.
   Multi/Sub-Object	Lets you apply multiple sub-materials to a single object's sub-objects.
   Raytrace	Supports the same kind of diffuse mapping as Standard material, but also provides fully raytraced reflections and refractions, along with other effects such as fluorescence.
   Shell Material	Contains a material that has been rendered to a texture, as well as the original material upon which the texture is based.
   Shellac	Mixes two materials by applying a 'shellac' material to another.
   Standard	Is the default material in the Material Editor sample slots.
   Top/Bottom	Contains two materials, one for faces that point upward, the other for faces that point downward. Standard materials let you set a material's color components, and other components such as glossiness or opacity. They also let you apply maps to the components, which can give you an enormous variety of effects. Some other material types have these features as well. Some, like multi/sub-object or double-sided, only have controls for combining other materials.

   
   
5. This quick guide will only explain the usage of Standard material which you will probably use most often. Press Cancel button if the Material/Map Browser is displayed.
   
6. Goto the Shader Basic Parameters rollout and open the drop down list. Choose the type of shader to use with a Standard material. In this quick guide the Blinn shader is used.
   There are several different shaders. Some are named for what they do; others are named for their creators. These are the basic material shaders:
   

   Shading type	Description
   Anisotropic	For surfaces with elliptical, 'anisotropic' highlights. These highlights are good for modeling hair, glass, or brushed metal.
   Blinn	Creates smooth surfaces with some shininess; a general-purpose shader.
   Metal	For metallic surfaces.
   Multi-Layer	Creates more complex highlights than Anisotropic by layering two anisotropic highlights. Not available for Raytrace material.
   Oren-Nayar-Blinn	Creates good matte surfaces such as fabric or terra-cotta; similar to Blinn.
   Phong	Creates smooth surfaces with some shininess; similar to Blinn, but doesn't handle highlights (especially glancing highlights) as well.
   Strauss	Creates both nonmetallic and metallic surfaces; has a simple set of controls. Not available for Raytrace material.
   Translucent Shader	Translucent shading is similar to Blinn shading, but it also lets you specify translucency, where light is scattered as it passes through the material. You can use translucency to simulate frosted and etched glass. Not available for the Raytrace material.

   
   Note: Shaders can only be selected if you choose the Standard or Raytrace material type.
   
   
   
7. Goto the Blinn Basic Parameters rollout which contains controls that let you set the color of your material.
   A Standard material type has three color controls. By changing these, the surface reflective properties is changed.
   

   Color controls	Description
   Ambient color	Ambient color is the color what the object reflects when illuminated by ambient light rather than direct light. Note: The object is in the shadow.
   Diffuse color	Diffuse is the color of the object in direct daylight or artificial light that makes the object easy to see.
   Specular color	Specular is the color of shiny highlights. The highlights are reflections of the lights that illuminate the surface. For a naturalistic effect, set the specular color to the same color as the key light source, or make it a high-value, low-saturation version of the diffuse color. For a matte effect, making the material appear less shiny, set the specular color to match the diffuse color. Some shaders generate the specular color, rather than letting you choose it.

   
   Some guidelines for choosing color realism.

   Color component	Lightning
   	Direct sunlight	Interior lightning	Spotlight
   General
   Ambient color	Deep dark purple with a hint of the diffuse color (=object's color).	Same hue as the diffuse color (=object's color), but with a darker value.	Very dark value of the spotlight color's compementary hue mixed with a bit of the diffuse color (=object's color).
   Diffuse color	to be determined.	to be determined.	to be determined.
   Specular color	Match the sunlight color.	Close to white.	Match the spotlight color.
   Glosiness	to be determined.	to be determined.	to be determined.
   Natural Material (e.g.: leaf, fish scale)
   Ambient color	Deep dark purple with a hint of the diffuse color (=object's color).	Same hue as the diffuse color (=object's color), but with a darker value.	Very dark value of the spotlight color's compementary hue mixed with a bit of the diffuse color (=object's color).
   Diffuse color	Use the object's color	Use the object's color	Use the object's color
   Specular color	Same hue as the diffuse, but with a higher value and a lower saturation. If material is shiny, set color closer to the lighting color.	Same hue as the diffuse, but with a higher value and a lower saturation. If material is shiny, set color closer to the lighting color.	Same hue as the diffuse, but with a higher value and a lower saturation. If material is shiny, set color closer to the lighting color.
   Glosiness	Set the Glossiness to a low value. If material is shiny, set Glossiness to higher value.	Set the Glossiness to a low value. If material is shiny, set Glossiness to higher value.	Set the Glossiness to a low value. If material is shiny, set Glossiness to higher value.
   Manufactured Material (e.g.: plastic, porcelain)
   Ambient color	Deep dark purple with a hint of the diffuse color (=object's color).	Same hue as the diffuse color (=object's color), but with a darker value.	Very dark value of the spotlight color's compementary hue mixed with a bit of the diffuse color (=object's color).
   Diffuse color	Use the object's color.	Use the object's color.	Use the object's color.
   Specular color	Make the specular color close to white, or to the color of the light source. White is especially characteristic of plastic materials.	Make the specular color close to white, or to the color of the light source. White is especially characteristic of plastic materials.	Make the specular color close to white, or to the color of the light source. White is especially characteristic of plastic materials.
   Glosiness	Set the glossiness to a high value.	Set the glossiness to a high value.	Set the glossiness to a high value.

   
   
8. The ambient color can only be seen, if you change the following:
   
   • Select menu Rendering > Environments
     
   • Select Environment tab.
     
   • In the Common Paramters rollover, select Ambient color swatch.
     
   • Change the color to light gray and press Close button.
     
   • Press Quick Render (F9 key) to see the effect.
     
9. Assign maps to the components you want to map, and adjust their parameters. The images you assign to materials are called maps.
   
10. Apply the material to the object.
    
11. If necessary, adjust the UV mapping coordinates in order to orient maps with objects correctly.
    
12. Save the material